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Marketing
No information system can exist in an organization without being
linked with other functional information
systems. This linkage is important for the over all smooth
functionality of the information system since it
allows easy transformation and usage of information.
•
Marketing
Production subsystem needs to be linked with the marketing
system so as to produce right amount of
product.
•
Human resource
system
Most of the human resource is involved in the manufacturing
process. Since factory premises has to be
working continuously, availability of relevant labour is
critical.
•
Accounts and
Finance
Accounts should have a control over various recording points in
the entire process from procurement
to finished good store room. This would help both in recording
transactions for financial statements
and approving and arranging for cash payments.
Accounting information system (AIS) is linked to all the
information systems in an organization. This is
important because the data required for proper book keeping and
generation of transactional reports is
extracted from all over the organization. For instance sales
information can be sought only from marketing
information system and stock information is available in
manufacturing information system.
Here we would consider an example to see how AIS records
internal data describing manufacturing
operations – this requires use of data collection terminals at
the manufacturing facility. It also records
external data describing firms transactions with its suppliers.
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The figure shows twelve data collection terminals located at the
factory area. Raw materials are received
from suppliers, and receipt data is entered into the terminal.
Quality control inspection is conducted and
results are recorded at terminal two. Acceptance into and
release from the raw materials room is logged in
to the terminal three. Terminals four to ten are used by
production employees to record start and
completion of each step of production. Terminal eleven records
the entry into the finished goods store
room. Shipping to customers is recorded at terminal 12.
14.1 Accounting & Financial Information Systems
Accounting and financial information systems cater for the needs
of Accounts & Finance Department.
These are responsible for managing financial assets in order to
maximise return, like
o
Cash
o
Stocks
o
Bonds
o
Other investments
o
Financial liabilities
o
Capitalization of the
firm through acquisition of new financial assets
It also produces the periodic and annual financial statements.
Importance of Accounting & financial Information Systems
Every transaction that an organization undertakes has a
financial impact, to be recorded and reported by the
accounts & finance department. Hence there is a share of
interest for every department in reports and
information produced by this system. Financial Information
Systems like other information systems should
cater for information requirements at each level, for instance.
Strategic level
1. Investment goals
2. long range forecasts for firm’s financial performance
3. Acquisition of financial resources and goals
Knowledge Level
1. Analytical tools to design the right mix for investment
2. Portfolio updates
3. Market information analysis
Management level
1. Control over firm’s financial resources
2. Investment management
3. Budget management
4. Tax management
5. Profitability & Performance Evaluation
Operational Level
1. Cash flow statements through various transactions
2. Inventory and debtors management
3. Creditors Management
14.2 Human Resource Information Systems
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It is an information system that combines many human resources
functions, including benefits
administration, payroll, recruiting and training, and
performance analysis and review into one package. It
helps in
o
Building database of
employees
o
Keeping track for new
positions or vacancies
o
Keeping master records
for each employees
o
Performance evaluations
and training assessments
14.3 IT Department
Information by itself is proving to be the most critical
resource for organizations. Such is the criticality that
other resources of the organization cannot be managed without
it. This has lead to the evolution of
information systems to efficiently manage the information
resource of the organization. This system is
usually employed by the Information Services department which is
the major functional area of the
organization.
14.3.1 Evolution of the IT Department
IS department function has been evolving based on the needs of
user departments
•
Traditional Computing --
Initially User was not directly linked with using the computing facilities and
the IT workforce was involved in assisting user to achieve his
computer related goals.
•
End User Computing – As
the computer users become more literate, much of the work was done by
users themselves and IT department took over as a support
function. |
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